Climate map of Southern Europe
M.L - 11/13/16
Portugal: There is a warm, temperate mediterranean climate, winters are wet and summers are dry. The average daytime maximum temperature is 16°C.
Spain: The southwestern region of Spain has a mediterranean climate accounting for its dry, warm summers, and moderate, wet winters. The western and northwestern coastal region has a temperate forest climate with wet winters and dry summers. The Basque country has moist conditions all year round.
Italy: It is predominantly a mediterranean climate with hot, dry summers and cold, wet winters. The northern/northeastern region has humid conditions all year round.
Croatia: The Pannonian Plains, located in the north, has a continental climate. Central Croatia has an alpine climate and the Adriatic coast has a mediterranean climate. The average winter temperatures (In the order as listed above) are; -1°C - 30°C, -5°C - 0°C, and 5°C - 10°C. The average summer temperatures (in order as listed above) are: 22°C - 26°C, 15°C - 20°C, and 26°C - 30°C.
Bosnia and Herzegovina: It has a moderate continental climate with very cold winters and hot summers. There are also mild rainy winters along the coast.
Montenegro: The coastal regions have a mediterranean climate with an average summer temperature of 27°C. The mountainous regions have an alpine climate.
Serbia: The region is predominantly a mild continental climate with cold winters and warm summers. The north, upland regions, have a continental climate, where the summers are hot with little rainfall. Mountains also have heavy snowfall during winter.
Albania: The coastal lowlands have a mediterranean climate with average winter temperatures of 7°C and average summer temperatures 24°C. The precipitation is between 1,000 ml and 1,500 ml. The highlands have a continental climate with a precipitation of 1,800 ml to 2,550 ml of rainfall. There are daily fluctuations and weather varies from north to south.
Greece: The region has a mediterranean climate with hot, dry summers and cold, wet winters. The average temperature for summer is 30°C - 35°C. There are strong winds and the north is much colder and snow is not uncommon.
Andorra: The climate is mostly a mountain climate with mediterranean influences. There is also an alpine climate in the highland areas. The winters are dry and cold with heavy snowfall, summers are humid and mild.
Malta: It has a mediterranean climate with hot, dry, and very sunny summers and mild winters. The average rainfall is 568 mm annually.
San Marino: It has a temperate mediterranean climate. The winters are mild and the summers are hot, it is rainy all year round as well.
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia: This region is defined by three climates, one is changed mediterranean climate, with long, dry summers, and mild, rainy winters. The other climate the mountainous climate which has short, cool summers, and long, snowy winters. The final climate is the mildly continental climate, which covers the largest area of the region. It is characterized by cool, humid winters, and warm, dry summers.
Slovenia: This region is mostly continental with cold winters and warm summers. The coastal regions have a sub mediterranean climate.
Spain: The southwestern region of Spain has a mediterranean climate accounting for its dry, warm summers, and moderate, wet winters. The western and northwestern coastal region has a temperate forest climate with wet winters and dry summers. The Basque country has moist conditions all year round.
Italy: It is predominantly a mediterranean climate with hot, dry summers and cold, wet winters. The northern/northeastern region has humid conditions all year round.
Croatia: The Pannonian Plains, located in the north, has a continental climate. Central Croatia has an alpine climate and the Adriatic coast has a mediterranean climate. The average winter temperatures (In the order as listed above) are; -1°C - 30°C, -5°C - 0°C, and 5°C - 10°C. The average summer temperatures (in order as listed above) are: 22°C - 26°C, 15°C - 20°C, and 26°C - 30°C.
Bosnia and Herzegovina: It has a moderate continental climate with very cold winters and hot summers. There are also mild rainy winters along the coast.
Montenegro: The coastal regions have a mediterranean climate with an average summer temperature of 27°C. The mountainous regions have an alpine climate.
Serbia: The region is predominantly a mild continental climate with cold winters and warm summers. The north, upland regions, have a continental climate, where the summers are hot with little rainfall. Mountains also have heavy snowfall during winter.
Albania: The coastal lowlands have a mediterranean climate with average winter temperatures of 7°C and average summer temperatures 24°C. The precipitation is between 1,000 ml and 1,500 ml. The highlands have a continental climate with a precipitation of 1,800 ml to 2,550 ml of rainfall. There are daily fluctuations and weather varies from north to south.
Greece: The region has a mediterranean climate with hot, dry summers and cold, wet winters. The average temperature for summer is 30°C - 35°C. There are strong winds and the north is much colder and snow is not uncommon.
Andorra: The climate is mostly a mountain climate with mediterranean influences. There is also an alpine climate in the highland areas. The winters are dry and cold with heavy snowfall, summers are humid and mild.
Malta: It has a mediterranean climate with hot, dry, and very sunny summers and mild winters. The average rainfall is 568 mm annually.
San Marino: It has a temperate mediterranean climate. The winters are mild and the summers are hot, it is rainy all year round as well.
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia: This region is defined by three climates, one is changed mediterranean climate, with long, dry summers, and mild, rainy winters. The other climate the mountainous climate which has short, cool summers, and long, snowy winters. The final climate is the mildly continental climate, which covers the largest area of the region. It is characterized by cool, humid winters, and warm, dry summers.
Slovenia: This region is mostly continental with cold winters and warm summers. The coastal regions have a sub mediterranean climate.
Specific Factors Affecting Climate
The bodies of water surrounding the sub-region affects the climate by keeping it moderate. Regions near the coast generally have a mediterranean climate, the closer the area is to the coast, the more moderate the temperatures are. The presence of mountains also affects climate because for every 1,000 ft increase in elevation, the temperature decreases by 3.5°F. Mountain barriers cause an orthographic effect in which the windward side is rainy and full of lush vegetation while the leeward side is arid. Mountains can also stop storms and air masses. In Greece a strong northern wind called the "Meltemi" sweeps through the east coast of Greece during July and August, offering a cool relief from the constant heat.
Human Adaptation
The mild climate of Europe allows for the production of a variety of agricultural products. Humans have adapted to this advantage through trade by utilizing the extensive coastlines. The vast Mediterranean climate in Southern Europe supports its own specific agriculture. Olives and grapes are among the crops that thrive in this climate. Because of this knowledge, the people of Southern Europe, particularly in Greece and Italy have become the top producers of olives and grapes. The invention of wine further raised even more commerce. Humans have also adapted to the climate through architecture by making buildings airy and composed of light materials to reflect sunlight and heat. The region is largely covered in rugged mountains which proves as a challenge for farming and travel, so most human settlement is concentrated along the coast and the valleys of major rivers, where most flat plains are found.
Rome, Italy
Rome is located in the northern hemisphere. The driest month is July with 17 mm of rain and the month with the most precipitation is November with 114 mm of rain. The temperature does not fluctuate drastically throughout the year and is generally on the cooler side. The generally moderate temperatures and ample rain suggests a mediterranean climate.
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Athens, Greece
Precipitation is scarce in the summer months, especially July and August, averaging only 5 mm of rainfall. The most precipitation is in the winter months, with the highest amount of precipitation in December, averaging 68 mm of rainfall. The temperature does not drop to freezing point. The rainy winters suggest a mediterranean climate. |
Madrid, Spain
There is an abundance of rainfall in total. The temperature fluctuate from 24°C, in July to 6°C, in January. Madrid, Spain is also located in the northern hemisphere due to the negative parabola shape of the monthly temperatures. The mild winters with abundant rain suggest a mediterranean climate.
Madrid, Spain
There is an abundance of rainfall in total. The temperature fluctuate from 24°C, in July to 6°C, in January. Madrid, Spain is also located in the northern hemisphere due to the negative parabola shape of the monthly temperatures. The mild winters with abundant rain suggest a mediterranean climate.